European Companies Search Engine

Tips & Tricks
Our help pages Using the Quick Search and Power Search Overview explain how to use our search engine.

Mitsubishi Polyester Film GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany

Watch
Mitsubishi Polyester Film GmbH

If you put a company on your watch list, we'll notify you on your email address when there are new publications regarding this company.

This feature is only available to our premium service subscribers.

Learn more about the North Data Premium Service

Premium Service
Unlock Dossier
What is a Dossier?
A dossier provides comprehensive company details as a PDF, together with all underlying original publications and original data in one place.
The download feature is exclusively available for our paid plan. Upgrade your account to access:
Quick Dossier
Entire company details as a PDF
Power Dossier
Entire company details along with all original publications / original data bundled in a ZIP file
Upgrade to unlock all features

Premium plans starting from €49/month

Learn more
Learn more
View plans

Name

Mitsubishi Polyester Film GmbH

Identification

Ut
District Court of Wiesbaden HRB 8118
Sirul
Siren 842796690
Siret
Siret 84279669000019
Lei
52990090K2XO3PJL7O80
EUID
DEM1906.HRB8118

Address

Kasteler Str. 45, 65203 Wiesbaden, Germany

Corporate purpose

The production and distribution of chemical products of all kinds, in particular films made of polyethylene terephthalate, and all related activities.

Financial performance

Employees

For this company, Employees numbers are only available to our premium service subscribers.

Learn more about the North Data Premium Service

History

Marketing & Tech

Network

Loading network

Legal Structure

Current legal representatives Legal form information · Proxy policies Premium
Premium
1Representative
5Authorized signatory (ppa)
Upgrade to unlock all features

Premium plans starting from €49/month

Learn more View plans
Learn more View plans
Ownership relations Premium + Ownership & Flags add-on
Premium + Ownership & Flags add-on
Shareholders and Investors
One known shareholder
Portfolio and Investments
One known active shareholding
Upgrade to unlock all features

Premium plans starting from €49/month

Learn more View plans
Learn more View plans

Financials

Key Performance Indicators Financial · Mktg & Tech Premium
Premium
Base/share capital
Total assets
Earnings
Revenue
Revenue CAGR
Return on sales
Equity
Equity ratio
Return on equity
Employee number
Revenue per employee
Taxes
Cash on hand
Receivables
Liabilities
Cost of materials
Wages and salaries
Average salaries per employee
Pension provisions
Patents
Upgrade to unlock all features

Premium plans starting from €49/month

Learn more View plans
Learn more View plans
Financial Statements Interactive sheets with CSV/Excel download Premium
Premium
Balance
from 2005 to 2025
Profit & Loss
from 2005 to 2025
Upgrade to unlock all features

Premium plans starting from €49/month

Learn more View plans
Learn more View plans

Publications

5 Oct 2026
List of board members
21 Sept 2026
Original document: “Liste der Aufsichtsratsmitglieder zum 21.09.2026“
10 Sept 2026
Authorized signatory (ppa): Thabo Stahler
31 Jul 2026 via Mitsubishi Chemical Europe GmbH also 13/05/2025, 08/07/2024, 06/07/2023
Shareholder: Mitsubishi Chemical Europe GmbH
3 Jul 2026
Note pursuant to Sections 291, 292 of the German Commercial Code (HGB) for the financial year from 01.04.2024 to …
24 Jun 2026 via InfraServ GmbH & Co. Wiesbaden KG also 12/06/2026, 14/08/2025, 21/11/2024, 17/10/2024, 26/09/2023, 30/08/2023, 08/11/2022, 08/11/2022, 13/12/2021, 02/12/2021, 18/09/2020, 07/09/2020, 22/08/2019, 22/08/2019, 23/07/2018, 20/07/2018, 19/09/2017, 29/08/2017, 21/11/2016, 19/10/2016, 09/12/2015, 08/12/2015, 18/08/2014, 10/07/2014 and 14 more
Shareholder: InfraServ GmbH & Co. Wiesbaden KG
30 Jan 2026
Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2025 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2025 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2025 · Shareholding: InfraServ GmbH & Co. Wiesbaden KG
15 Oct 2025
Patent: Biaxially oriented, single-layer or multi-layer polyester film with an adhesion-promoting coating based on a co-polyester and an anchoring component
15 Oct 2025
Patent: Biaxially oriented polyester film containing a post-consumer or post-industrial regrind FROM a coated polyester film and process for producing the film and the regrind
29 Sept 2025 via InfraServ GmbH & Co. Wiesbaden KG
Shareholding: InfraServ GmbH & Co. Wiesbaden KG
Year 2025 in Dpmap
4 patent filings: Koextrudierte, heißsiegelbare und peelfähige Polyesterfolie, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung …
2 Apr 2025
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2024
Year 2024 in Dpmap
4 patent filings: Multilayer, biaxially oriented polyester film for adhesion to melamine resin substrates …
31 Oct 2024
Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2024 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2024 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2024 · Shareholder: InfraServ GmbH & Co. Wiesbaden KG, Mitsubishi Chemical Europe GmbH
Year 2024 in Epobase
6 European patent filings: Transparent, Biaxially Oriented Polyester Film with a Smooth Surface on ONE Side and Good Coilability …
21 Jun 2024 in France
Representative: Thomas Hehl · Corporate Purpose
12 Jun 2024
List of board members
17 Apr 2024
Original document: “Liste der Aufsichtsratsmitglieder zum 17.04.2024“
7 Nov 2023
Patent: System for fastening cladding panels to a building facade
25 Aug 2023
Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2023 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2023 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2023 · Shareholding: InfraServ GmbH & Co. Wiesbaden KG
23 Aug 2023
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2023 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2023 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2023 · Shareholding: InfraServ GmbH & Co. Wiesbaden KG
11 Aug 2023
Authorized signatory (ppa): Markus M. Sanchez · No longer Authorized signatory (ppa) (1)
Year 2023 in Dpmap
18 patent filings: Biaxial orientierte, UV-stabilisierte, ein- oder mehrschichtige Polyesterfolie mit mindestens einseitiger antireflex- und flammgeschützer-Beschichtung (antiglare) und einer …
11 Jul 2023
Patent: Mounting system for exterior and interior cladding systems
24 May 2023
List of board members
15 May 2023
Original document: “Liste der Aufsichtsratsmitglieder zum 15.05.2023“
Year 2022 in Epobase
8 European patent filings: Transparent Polyester Film That IS Smooth on ONE Side and Comprises Polymethylsilsesquioxane-Based Particles …
1 Dec 2022
Patent: Transparente, biaxial orientierte Polyesterfolie mit einseitig glatter Oberfläche und guter Wickelbarkeit
8 Sept 2022
Authorized signatory (ppa): Marc Klinger · No longer Authorized signatory (ppa) (1)
16 Aug 2022
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2022 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2022 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2021 · Shareholding: InfraServ GmbH & Co. Wiesbaden KG
15 Aug 2022
Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2022 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2022 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2021 · Shareholding: InfraServ GmbH & Co. Wiesbaden KG
11 Jul 2022
No longer Authorized signatory (ppa) (1)
21 Apr 2022
Patent: Single or multi-layer polyester film with a permanent antifog coating and a transparency of at least 92%
1 Apr 2022
Patent: Beschichtete Polyesterfolie mit einer permanenten Antifog-Beschichtung und einer Transparenz von mindesten 93%
Year 2021 in Dpmap
7 patent filings: Transparent one-sided smooth polyester film with polymethylsilsesquioxane based particles …
Year 2021 in Epobase
7 European patent filings: Heat-Sealable Polyester Film for the Production of Trays, Method for the Production and USE Thereof …
27 Aug 2021
Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2021 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2021 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2020 · 2 Shareholdings: Hostaphan Films Ltd., InfraServ GmbH & Co. Wiesbaden KG
26 Aug 2021
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2021 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2021 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2020 · 2 Shareholdings: Hostaphan Films Ltd., InfraServ GmbH & Co. Wiesbaden KG
27 Apr 2021
Original document: “Liste der Gesellschafter“
23 Apr 2021
Original document: “Liste der Gesellschafter“
1 Apr 2021
Profit Transfer: Mitsubishi Chemical Carbon Fiber and Composites GmbH
26 Feb 2021
Original document: “Liste der Gesellschafter“
25 Feb 2021
Original document: “Unternehmensvertrag / Umwandlungsvertrag / sonstiger Vertrag“
Year 2020 in Dpmap
14 patent filings: Heißsiegelbare und peelfähige Polyesterfolie, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung …
9 Nov 2020
Authorized signatory (ppa) (1)
Year 2020 in Epobase
5 European patent filings: Biaxially Oriented Polyester Film for Metal Lamination …
17 Sept 2020
Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2020
6 Aug 2020
Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2020 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2020 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2020 · 2 Shareholdings: Hostaphan Films Ltd., InfraServ GmbH & Co. Wiesbaden KG
30 Jul 2020
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2020 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2020 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2020 · 2 Shareholdings: Hostaphan Films Ltd., InfraServ GmbH & Co. Wiesbaden KG
3 Apr 2020
No longer Authorized signatory (ppa) (2) · Authorized signatory (ppa) (2)
10 Mar 2020
Authorized signatory (ppa): Sven Stötzer
Year 2019 in Dpmap
8 patent filings: Thermoformbare, transparente Packung aus Polyester mit einer Unter- und einer Oberfolie, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung …
1 Oct 2019
Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2019 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2019 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2019 · SH: Hostaphan Films Ltd., InfraSery GmbH & Co …
Year 2019 in Epobase
9 European patent filings: Amber Coloured Polyester Film Specially Suited to Electro-Plating and Steel Lamination …
9 Aug 2019
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2019 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2019 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2019 · SH: Hostaphan Films Ltd., InfraServ GmbH & Co …
23 Apr 2019
List of board members
10 Apr 2019
Authorized signatory (ppa) (1) · No longer Authorized signatory (ppa) (1)
10 Apr 2019
Original document: “Liste der Aufsichtsratsmitglieder zum 10.04.2019“
1 Apr 2019
No longer Managing Director: Ansgar Pohl
24 Jan 2019 in France
Representative: Thomas Hehl · Capital: €160,000 · Corporate Purpose
Year 2018 in Dpmap
12 patent filings: Thermoformable, transparent polyester packaging with a bottom and a top foil, processes for their manufacture and use …
7 Nov 2018 in France
Representative (5)
5 Nov 2018 in France
Representative (5)
24 Oct 2018
Patent: Biaxially Oriented, UV-Stabilized, Single or Multi-Layer Polyester Films Comprising Silicon Dioxide Particles AS Light Diffusion Particles and a UV Stabilizer, and Method for Their …
4 Oct 2018 in France
Representative (5)
28 Sept 2018 in France
Representative: Thomas Hehl
3 Sept 2018 in France
Reg­is­tra­tion: 03/09/2018 · Address · Legal form: Société commerciale étrangère immatriculée au RCS · Name: MITSUBISHI POLYESTER FILM GMBH · Segment clas­si­fi­ca­tion
27 Jul 2018
Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2018 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2018 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2017 · 3 Shareholdings: Hostaphan Films Ltd., Hostaphan France Sàrl, InfraServgesellschaft …
25 Jul 2018
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2018 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2018 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2017 · 3 Shareholdings: Hostaphan Films Ltd., Hostaphan France Sàrl, InfraServ …
2 Jul 2018
Managing Director: Thomas E. D. Hehl · No longer Authorized signatory (ppa): Thomas E. D. Hehl
1 Jul 2018
Original document: “Liste der Aufsichtsratsmitglieder zum 01.07.2018“
Year 2017 in Epobase
8 European patent filings: White, Biaxially Oriented Polyester Film Matt on one Side and Method for its Manufacture and use …
Year 2017 in Dpmap
9 patent filings: Biaxially oriented, UV-stabilized, single- or multi-layer polyester film with at least one-sided anti-reflective coating (antiglare) and a transparency of at least 93.5% …
25 Aug 2017
Original document: “Liste der Gesellschafter“
22 Aug 2017
Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2017 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2017 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2016
15 Aug 2017
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2017 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2017 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2016 · 4 Shareholdings (4 companies)
1 Aug 2017
Original document: “Liste der Gesellschafter“
Year 2016 in Epobase
6 European patent filings: Biaxially Stretched Polyester Film Containing Carbon Black as Black Pigment and Method for Producing Same …
Year 2016 in Dpmap
6 patent filings: Biaxial orientierte, heißsiegelbare und peelfähige Polyesterfolie, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung …
21 Oct 2016
Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2016 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2016 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2016 · 4 Shareholdings (4 companies)
5 Sept 2016
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2016 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2016 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2015 · 4 Shareholdings (4 companies)
4 Jul 2016
Authorized signatory (ppa) (1) · No longer Authorized signatory (ppa) (1)
30 Nov 2015
Patent: Transparente, biaxial orientierte Polyesterfolie mit einseitig glatter Oberfläche und guter Wickelbarkeit
4 Nov 2015
Patent: White, Biaxially Oriented Polyester Film, Matt on at Least one Side and Weatherproof, Method for its Manufacture, and its use
21 Oct 2015
Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2015 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2015 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2014 · 4 Shareholdings (4 companies)
8 Oct 2015
Patent: White biaxially oriented polyester film with increased temperature conductivity
6 Oct 2015
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2015 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2015 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2015 · 4 Shareholdings (4 companies)
1 Sept 2015
Patent: Co-extruded, biaxially oriented polyester film with oligomer barrier
28 Jul 2015
No longer Authorized signatory (ppa) (2) · Authorized signatory (ppa) (1)
29 Apr 2015
Patent: Co-Extruded Biaxial Oriented Polyester Film with Oligomeric Barrier
18 Mar 2015
Patent: White Polyester Sheet for Cards
Year 2014 in Dpmap
12 patent filings: Antimonfreie Polyesterfolien für die Verwendung im Lebensmittelkontakt bei hohen Temperaturen …
12 Nov 2014
Patent: Matte polyester film with improved light transmission
2 Sept 2014
Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2014 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2014 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2014 · Shareholder (4 companies)
1 Sept 2014
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/03/2014 · Balance sheet for 31/03/2014 · Earnings statement for 31/03/2014 · Shareholder (4 companies)
16 Jul 2014
Annual report for the year ending 31/12/2013 · Balance sheet for 31/12/2013 · Earnings statement for 31/12/2013 · 4 Shareholdings (4 companies)
16 Jul 2014
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/12/2013 · Balance sheet for 31/12/2013 · Earnings statement for 31/12/2013 · 4 Shareholdings (4 companies)
23 May 2014
Patent: Animon-free polyester films for use in food contact at high temperatures
4 Apr 2014
Authorized signatory (ppa) (3)
14 Mar 2014
Address
7 Mar 2014
Original document: “Gesellschaftsvertrag / Satzung / Statut“
24 Feb 2014
Wordmark: “FUSION“
Year 2013 in Dpmap
11 patent filings: Coextruded, biaxially oriented polyester films with improved adhesion properties, backside laminates for solar modules and solar modules …
13 Sept 2013
Annual report for the year ending 31/12/2012 · Balance sheet for 31/12/2012 · Shareholding: Ernst & Young AG
11 Sept 2013
Patent: Film with a Smooth Surface and Good Coilability
31 Jul 2013
Annual report for the year ending 31/12/2012 · Balance sheet for 31/12/2012 · Earnings statement for 31/12/2012 · Shareholder (4 companies)
4 Jun 2013
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/12/2012 · Balance sheet for 31/12/2012 · Shareholder (4 companies)
8 May 2013
Patent: Biaxially Stretched Polyester Film Containing a Chain Extender and Method for Production of Same and use of Same
1 May 2013
Patent: Single Layer or Multilayer, Stabilised Polyester Film
17 Jan 2013
Wordmark: “FUSION“
Year 2012 in Epobase
19 European patent filings: Multilayer Polyester Film of High Optical Density, Having a Total Thickness of Maximum 60 µm and Comprising two White Layers and an External Layer Containing Carbon Black …
31 May 2012
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/12/2011 · Balance sheet for 31/12/2011 · Earnings statement for 31/12/2011 · 5 Shareholdings (5 companies)
24 May 2012
Annual report for the year ending 31/12/2011 · Balance sheet for 31/12/2011 · Earnings statement for 31/12/2011 · 5 Shareholdings (5 companies)
28 Mar 2012
Patent: Biaxial gestreckte Polyesterfolie, die Ruß als Schwarzpigment enthält, sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
8 Feb 2012
Patent: Co-extruded, biaxially oriented polyester film with oligomer barrier
11 Jan 2012
Patent: Biaxially oriented matte polyester film with high roughness
Year 2011 in Epobase
10 European patent filings: Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape …
19 Sept 2011
Annual report for the year ending 31/12/2010 · Balance sheet for 31/12/2010 · Earnings statement for 31/12/2010 · 5 Shareholdings (5 companies)
30 Aug 2011
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/12/2010 · Balance sheet for 31/12/2010 · Earnings statement for 31/12/2010 · 4 Shareholdings (4 companies)
11 Aug 2011
Patent: Mehrschichtige Polyesterfolie hoher optischer Dichte mit einer Gesamtdicke von maximal 60 μm mit zwei weißen Schichten und einer rußhaltigen Außenschicht
11 Aug 2011
Patent: Mehrschichtige Polyesterfolie mit einer Gesamtdicke von maximal 60 μm mit zwei weißen Außenschichten und einer rußhaltigen Basisschicht mit hoher optischer Dichte
24 Mar 2011
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/12/2009 · Balance sheet for 31/12/2009 · Earnings statement for 31/12/2009 · 5 Shareholdings (5 companies)
Year 2010 in Dpmap
20 patent filings: Mehrschichtige, biaxial orientierte Polyesterfolie …
Year 2010 in Epobase
12 European patent filings: Biaxially Oriented Sealable Polyester Film, Method for Producing the Same and its use …
2 Jun 2010
Annual report for the year ending 31/12/2009 · Balance sheet for 31/12/2009 · Earnings statement for 31/12/2009 · 4 Shareholdings (4 companies)
Year 2009 in Epobase
14 European patent filings: Transparent Biaxially Oriented Polyesterfilm …
20 Aug 2009
Wordmark: “FUSION“
14 Jul 2009
Original document: “Liste der Gesellschafter“
13 Jul 2009
Annual report for the year ending 31/12/2008 · Balance sheet for 31/12/2008 · Earnings statement for 31/12/2008 · 4 Shareholdings (4 companies)
3 Jul 2009
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/12/2008 · Balance sheet for 31/12/2008 · Earnings statement for 31/12/2008 · 4 Shareholdings (4 companies)
Year 2009 in Dpmap
8 patent filings: Mehrschichtige, biaxial orientierte Polyesterfolie …
18 May 2009
Consolidated Annual report for the year ending 31/12/2007 · Balance sheet for 31/12/2007 · Earnings statement for 31/12/2007 · 4 Shareholdings (4 companies)
Year 2008 in Dpmap
10 patent filings: Bernsteinfarbene Polyesterfolie mit besonderer Eignung für Metallisierung und Stahllaminierung …
Year 2008 in Epobase
14 European patent filings: Multilayer, Biaxially Oriented Polyester Film, Method for its Production and its use …
Year 2007 in Epobase
17 European patent filings: Multilayer Transparent PET and PEN Film Having at Least one Functional Outer Layer for the Manufacture of UV-Protected Composite Packaging Materials …
Year 2007 in Dpmap
5 patent filings: Mehrschichtige, weiß-opake, einseitig matte, biaxial orientierte Polyesterfolie …
17 Sept 2007
Annual report for the year ending 31/12/2006 · Balance sheet for 31/12/2006 · Earnings statement for 31/12/2006 · 5 Shareholdings (5 companies)
12 Mar 2007
List of board members
1 Feb 2007
Original document: “Liste der Aufsichtsratsmitglieder zum 01.02.2007“
Year 2006 in Epobase
22 European patent filings: Multilayer, White, Biaxially Oriented Polyester Film …
Year 2006 in Dpmap
6 patent filings: Mehrschichtige, weiße, laserschneidbare und laserbeschreibbare Polyesterfolie …
18 Jul 2006
No longer Authorized signatory (ppa) (1)
7 Jul 2006
No longer Authorized signatory (ppa) (1)
26 Apr 2006
Persons
6 Apr 2006
Managing Director: Ansgar Pohl · No longer Authorized signatory (ppa): Ansgar Pohl · No longer Managing Director (1)
Year 2005 in Epobase
35 European patent filings: White Opaque Film with low Transparency Made From a Crystallizable Thermoplastic and Having Additional Functionality …
9 Dec 2005
Patent: Weiße und zumindest einseitig matte, biaxial orientierte Polyesterfolie
5 Oct 2005
Patent: Thermoplastic film for the production of capacitors with improved voltage resistance, a process for manufacture and their use
5 Oct 2005
Patent: Thermoplastfolie zur Herstellung von Kondensatoren mit verbesserter Spannungsfestigkeit, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung sowie ihre Verwendung
29 Jun 2005
Authorized signatory (ppa) (1) · No longer Authorized signatory (ppa) (1)
2 Jul 2004
Authorized signatory (ppa): Thomas Hehl · No longer Authorized signatory (ppa) (1) · Capital: €160,000 · Share­holder agreement
24 Apr 2003
No longer Managing Director (1)
11 Apr 2003
Reg­is­tra­tion · Authorized signatory (ppa) (4) · MD (2) · Capital: 300,000 DEM · Seat: Wiesbaden · Legal form: GmbH · Name: Mitsubishi Polyester Film GmbH · Proxy policy · Corporate Purpose
There are no publications matching your search.

Mentions

25 Sept 2026 in Rne
Reg­is­tra­tion: 28/09/2018 · Representative: Thomas Hehl · Capital: €160,000 · Segment clas­si­fi­ca­tion
17 Dec 2019 in Ler
No longer Ultimate parent
3 Jan 2018 in Hrdk also 29/04/2015, 08/07/2013
BKV GmbH: “Liste der Gesellschafter“
25 Jun 2007 in Hrcdd also 02/11/2004, 05/05/2003
Limited Partner: InfraServ GmbH & Co. Wiesbaden KG
There are no publications matching your search.

The data on this page is generated by a fully automated algorithm. It may have errors, and is provided on an "as is" basis with no guarantees of completeness, accuracy, usefulness or timeliness.

Printing is only available to North Data premium service subscribers.